Retraction and Correction Policy

Retraction and Correction Policy

Last updated: June 2, 2026

This policy follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines and the NISO RP-2014-11 Journal Article Versions standard.

1. Corrections (Erratum/Corrigendum)

A correction notice will be published when a small portion of an otherwise reliable article proves to be misleading (especially due to honest error). Corrections identify and correct the affected portion, link to the original article, and are themselves permanently linked from the original.

2. Retractions

Retractions will be issued when:

• Findings are unreliable due to misconduct (fabrication, falsification) or honest error
• The work constitutes plagiarism
• The work has been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification
• The work contains material unethically obtained or violates ethical guidelines

The retracted article will remain on the website, clearly marked "RETRACTED," with a retraction notice that explains the reason and is permanently linked to the article. Retraction notices are published as rapidly as possible. We report retractions to Retraction Watch and relevant indexing databases.

3. Expressions of Concern

An expression of concern may be published where an investigation is ongoing and the editors believe readers should be alerted to potentially unreliable data or conduct. This follows the COPE flowchart on expressions of concern.

4. Process

Concerns about the integrity of published work should be reported to the editor at ksingh1@gwa.amity.edu. All allegations are taken seriously and investigated confidentially. Authors are given the opportunity to respond to concerns before any decision is made.